4 * This file is part of BeRTOS.
6 * Bertos is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
7 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
8 * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
9 * (at your option) any later version.
11 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
12 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
13 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
14 * GNU General Public License for more details.
16 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
17 * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
18 * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
20 * As a special exception, you may use this file as part of a free software
21 * library without restriction. Specifically, if other files instantiate
22 * templates or use macros or inline functions from this file, or you compile
23 * this file and link it with other files to produce an executable, this
24 * file does not by itself cause the resulting executable to be covered by
25 * the GNU General Public License. This exception does not however
26 * invalidate any other reasons why the executable file might be covered by
27 * the GNU General Public License.
29 * Copyright 2004, 2008 Develer S.r.l. (http://www.develer.com/)
30 * Copyright 1999, 2000, 2001 Bernie Innocenti <bernie@codewiz.org>
33 * \brief IPC signals implementation.
35 * Signals are a low-level IPC primitive. A process receives a signal
36 * when some external event has happened. Like interrupt requests,
37 * signals do not carry any additional information. If processing a
38 * specific event requires additional data, the process must obtain it
39 * through some other mechanism.
41 * Despite the name, one shouldn't confuse these signals with POSIX
42 * signals. POSIX signals are usually executed synchronously, like
43 * software interrupts.
45 * Signals are very low overhead. Using them exclusively to wait
46 * for multiple asynchronous events results in very simple dispatch
47 * logic with low processor and resource usage.
49 * The "event" module is a higher-level interface that can optionally
50 * deliver signals to processes. Messages provide even higher-level
51 * IPC services built on signals. Semaphore arbitration is also
52 * implemented using signals.
54 * In this implementation, each process has a limited set of signal
55 * bits (usually 32) and can wait for multiple signals at the same
56 * time using sig_wait(). Signals can also be polled using sig_check(),
57 * but a process spinning on its signals usually defeats their purpose
58 * of providing a multitasking-friendly infrastructure for event-driven
61 * Signals are like flags: they are either active or inactive. After an
62 * external event has delivered a particular signal, it remains raised until
63 * the process acknowledges it using either sig_wait() or sig_check().
64 * Counting signals is not a reliable way to count how many times a
65 * particular event has occurred, because the same signal may be
66 * delivered twice before the process can notice.
68 * Any execution context, including an interrupt handler, can deliver
69 * a signal to a process using sig_signal(). Multiple independent signals
70 * may be delivered at once with a single invocation of sig_signal(),
71 * although this is rarely useful.
73 * \section signal_allocation Signal Allocation
75 * There's no hardcoded mapping of specific events to signal bits.
76 * The meaning of a particular signal bit is defined by an agreement
77 * between the delivering entity and the receiving process.
78 * For instance, a terminal driver may be designed to deliver
79 * a signal bit called SIG_INT when it reads the CTRL-C sequence
80 * from the keyboard, and a process may react to it by quitting.
82 * \section sig_single SIG_SINGLE
84 * The SIG_SINGLE bit is reserved as a convenient shortcut in those
85 * simple scenarios where a process needs to wait on just one event
86 * synchronously. By using SIG_SINGLE, there's no need to allocate
87 * a specific signal from the free pool. The constraints for safely
88 * accessing SIG_SINGLE are:
89 * - The process MUST sig_wait() exclusively on SIG_SINGLE
90 * - SIG_SIGNAL MUST NOT be left pending after use (sig_wait() will reset
92 * - Do not sleep between starting the asynchronous task that will fire
93 * SIG_SINGLE, and the call to sig_wait().
94 * - Do not call system functions that may implicitly sleep, such as
98 * \author Bernie Innocenti <bernie@codewiz.org>
103 #include "cfg/cfg_timer.h"
104 #include <cfg/debug.h>
105 #include <cfg/depend.h>
108 #include <kern/proc.h>
109 #include <kern/proc_p.h>
112 #if CONFIG_KERN_SIGNALS
114 // Check config dependencies
115 CONFIG_DEPEND(CONFIG_KERN_SIGNALS, CONFIG_KERN);
118 * Check if any of the signals in \a sigs has occurred and clear them.
120 * \return the signals that have occurred.
122 sigmask_t sig_check(sigmask_t sigs)
127 IRQ_SAVE_DISABLE(flags);
128 result = CurrentProcess->sig_recv & sigs;
129 CurrentProcess->sig_recv &= ~sigs;
137 * Sleep until any of the signals in \a sigs occurs.
138 * \return the signal(s) that have awoken the process.
140 sigmask_t sig_wait(sigmask_t sigs)
145 /* Sleeping with IRQs disabled or preemption forbidden is illegal */
146 IRQ_ASSERT_ENABLED();
147 ASSERT(proc_allowed());
150 * This is subtle: there's a race condition where a concurrent
151 * process or an interrupt may call sig_signal() to set a bit in
152 * Process.sig_recv just after we have checked for it, but before
153 * we've set Process.sig_wait to let them know we want to be awaken.
155 * In this case, we'd deadlock with the signal bit already set
156 * and the process never being reinserted into the ready list.
158 // FIXME: just use IRQ_DISABLE() here
159 IRQ_SAVE_DISABLE(flags);
161 /* Loop until we get at least one of the signals */
162 while (!(result = CurrentProcess->sig_recv & sigs))
165 * Tell "them" that we want to be awaken when any of these
168 CurrentProcess->sig_wait = sigs;
171 * Go to sleep and proc_switch() to another process.
173 * We re-enable IRQs because proc_switch() does not
174 * guarantee to save and restore the interrupt mask.
178 IRQ_SAVE_DISABLE(flags);
181 * When we come back here, the wait mask must have been
182 * cleared by someone through sig_signal(), and at least
183 * one of the signals we were expecting must have been
186 ASSERT(!CurrentProcess->sig_wait);
187 ASSERT(CurrentProcess->sig_recv & sigs);
190 /* Signals found: clear them and return */
191 CurrentProcess->sig_recv &= ~sigs;
197 #if CONFIG_TIMER_EVENTS
199 #include <drv/timer.h>
201 * Sleep until any of the signals in \a sigs or \a timeout ticks elapse.
202 * If the timeout elapse a SIG_TIMEOUT is added to the received signal(s).
203 * \return the signal(s) that have awoken the process.
204 * \note Caller must check return value to check which signal awoke the process.
206 sigmask_t sig_waitTimeout(sigmask_t sigs, ticks_t timeout)
212 ASSERT(!sig_check(SIG_TIMEOUT));
213 ASSERT(!(sigs & SIG_TIMEOUT));
214 /* IRQ are needed to run timer */
215 ASSERT(IRQ_ENABLED());
217 timer_set_event_signal(&t, proc_current(), SIG_TIMEOUT);
218 timer_setDelay(&t, timeout);
220 res = sig_wait(SIG_TIMEOUT | sigs);
222 IRQ_SAVE_DISABLE(flags);
223 /* Remove timer if sigs occur before timer signal */
224 if (!(res & SIG_TIMEOUT) && !sig_check(SIG_TIMEOUT))
230 #endif // CONFIG_TIMER_EVENTS
234 * Send the signals \a sigs to the process \a proc.
235 * The process will be awoken if it was waiting for any of them.
237 * \note This call is interrupt safe.
239 void sig_signal(Process *proc, sigmask_t sigs)
243 /* See comment in sig_wait() for why this protection is necessary */
244 IRQ_SAVE_DISABLE(flags);
246 /* Set the signals */
247 proc->sig_recv |= sigs;
249 /* Check if process needs to be awoken */
250 if (proc->sig_recv & proc->sig_wait)
252 /* Wake up process and enqueue in ready list */
260 #endif /* CONFIG_KERN_SIGNALS */