4 * This file is part of BeRTOS.
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13 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
14 * GNU General Public License for more details.
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18 * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
20 * As a special exception, you may use this file as part of a free software
21 * library without restriction. Specifically, if other files instantiate
22 * templates or use macros or inline functions from this file, or you compile
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24 * file does not by itself cause the resulting executable to be covered by
25 * the GNU General Public License. This exception does not however
26 * invalidate any other reasons why the executable file might be covered by
27 * the GNU General Public License.
29 * Copyright 2008 Develer S.r.l. (http://www.develer.com/)
33 * \brief AFSK1200 modem.
35 * \author Francesco Sacchi <asterix@develer.com>
41 #include "cfg/cfg_afsk.h"
42 #include "hw/hw_afsk.h"
44 #include <drv/timer.h>
46 #include <cfg/module.h>
48 #define LOG_LEVEL AFSK_LOG_LEVEL
49 #define LOG_FORMAT AFSK_LOG_FORMAT
52 #include <cpu/power.h>
54 #include <struct/fifobuf.h>
56 #include <string.h> /* memset */
61 #define PHASE_MAX (SAMPLEPERBIT * PHASE_BIT)
62 #define PHASE_THRES (PHASE_MAX / 2) // - PHASE_BIT / 2)
64 // Modulator constants
65 #define MARK_FREQ 1200
66 #define MARK_INC (uint16_t)(DIV_ROUND(SIN_LEN * (uint32_t)MARK_FREQ, CONFIG_AFSK_DAC_SAMPLERATE))
68 #define SPACE_FREQ 2200
69 #define SPACE_INC (uint16_t)(DIV_ROUND(SIN_LEN * (uint32_t)SPACE_FREQ, CONFIG_AFSK_DAC_SAMPLERATE))
71 //Ensure sample rate is a multiple of bit rate
72 STATIC_ASSERT(!(CONFIG_AFSK_DAC_SAMPLERATE % BITRATE));
74 #define DAC_SAMPLEPERBIT (CONFIG_AFSK_DAC_SAMPLERATE / BITRATE)
77 * Sine table for the first quarter of wave.
78 * The rest of the wave is computed from this first quarter.
79 * This table is used to generate the modulated data.
81 static const uint8_t PROGMEM sin_table[] =
83 128, 129, 131, 132, 134, 135, 137, 138, 140, 142, 143, 145, 146, 148, 149, 151,
84 152, 154, 155, 157, 158, 160, 162, 163, 165, 166, 167, 169, 170, 172, 173, 175,
85 176, 178, 179, 181, 182, 183, 185, 186, 188, 189, 190, 192, 193, 194, 196, 197,
86 198, 200, 201, 202, 203, 205, 206, 207, 208, 210, 211, 212, 213, 214, 215, 217,
87 218, 219, 220, 221, 222, 223, 224, 225, 226, 227, 228, 229, 230, 231, 232, 233,
88 234, 234, 235, 236, 237, 238, 238, 239, 240, 241, 241, 242, 243, 243, 244, 245,
89 245, 246, 246, 247, 248, 248, 249, 249, 250, 250, 250, 251, 251, 252, 252, 252,
90 253, 253, 253, 253, 254, 254, 254, 254, 254, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255,
93 #define SIN_LEN 512 ///< Full wave length
95 STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(sin_table) == SIN_LEN / 4);
99 * Given the index, this function computes the correct sine sample
100 * based only on the first quarter of wave.
102 INLINE uint8_t sin_sample(uint16_t idx)
104 ASSERT(idx < SIN_LEN);
105 uint16_t new_idx = idx % (SIN_LEN / 2);
106 new_idx = (new_idx >= (SIN_LEN / 4)) ? (SIN_LEN / 2 - new_idx - 1) : new_idx;
109 uint8_t data = pgm_read_char(&sin_table[new_idx]);
111 uint8_t data = sin_table[new_idx];
114 return (idx >= (SIN_LEN / 2)) ? (255 - data) : data;
118 #define BIT_DIFFER(bitline1, bitline2) (((bitline1) ^ (bitline2)) & 0x01)
119 #define EDGE_FOUND(bitline) BIT_DIFFER((bitline), (bitline) >> 1)
122 * High-Level Data Link Control parsing function.
123 * Parse bitstream in order to find characters.
125 * \param hdlc HDLC context.
126 * \param bit current bit to be parsed.
127 * \param fifo FIFO buffer used to push characters.
129 * \return true if all is ok, false if the fifo is full.
131 static bool hdlc_parse(Hdlc *hdlc, bool bit, FIFOBuffer *fifo)
135 hdlc->demod_bits <<= 1;
136 hdlc->demod_bits |= bit ? 1 : 0;
139 if (hdlc->demod_bits == HDLC_FLAG)
141 if (!fifo_isfull(fifo))
143 fifo_push(fifo, HDLC_FLAG);
144 hdlc->rxstart = true;
149 hdlc->rxstart = false;
158 if ((hdlc->demod_bits & HDLC_RESET) == HDLC_RESET)
160 hdlc->rxstart = false;
168 if ((hdlc->demod_bits & 0x3f) == 0x3e)
171 if (hdlc->demod_bits & 0x01)
172 hdlc->currchar |= 0x80;
174 if (++hdlc->bit_idx >= 8)
176 if ((hdlc->currchar == HDLC_FLAG
177 || hdlc->currchar == HDLC_RESET
178 || hdlc->currchar == AX25_ESC))
180 if (!fifo_isfull(fifo))
181 fifo_push(fifo, AX25_ESC);
184 hdlc->rxstart = false;
189 if (!fifo_isfull(fifo))
190 fifo_push(fifo, hdlc->currchar);
193 hdlc->rxstart = false;
201 hdlc->currchar >>= 1;
209 * This function has to be called by the ADC ISR when a sample of the configured
210 * channel is available.
211 * \param af Afsk context to operate on.
212 * \param curr_sample current sample from the ADC.
214 void afsk_adc_isr(Afsk *af, int8_t curr_sample)
219 * Frequency discriminator and LP IIR filter.
220 * This filter is designed to work
221 * at the given sample rate and bit rate.
223 STATIC_ASSERT(SAMPLERATE == 9600);
224 STATIC_ASSERT(BITRATE == 1200);
227 * Frequency discrimination is achieved by simply multiplying
228 * the sample with a delayed sample of (samples per bit) / 2.
229 * Then the signal is lowpass filtered with a first order,
230 * 600 Hz filter. The filter implementation is selectable
231 * through the CONFIG_AFSK_FILTER config variable.
234 af->iir_x[0] = af->iir_x[1];
236 #if (CONFIG_AFSK_FILTER == AFSK_BUTTERWORTH)
237 af->iir_x[1] = ((int8_t)fifo_pop(&af->delay_fifo) * curr_sample) >> 2;
238 //af->iir_x[1] = ((int8_t)fifo_pop(&af->delay_fifo) * curr_sample) / 6.027339492;
239 #elif (CONFIG_AFSK_FILTER == AFSK_CHEBYSHEV)
240 af->iir_x[1] = ((int8_t)fifo_pop(&af->delay_fifo) * curr_sample) >> 2;
241 //af->iir_x[1] = ((int8_t)fifo_pop(&af->delay_fifo) * curr_sample) / 3.558147322;
243 #error Filter type not found!
246 af->iir_y[0] = af->iir_y[1];
248 #if CONFIG_AFSK_FILTER == AFSK_BUTTERWORTH
250 * This strange sum + shift is an optimization for af->iir_y[0] * 0.668.
251 * iir * 0.668 ~= (iir * 21) / 32 =
252 * = (iir * 16) / 32 + (iir * 4) / 32 + iir / 32 =
253 * = iir / 2 + iir / 8 + iir / 32 =
254 * = iir >> 1 + iir >> 3 + iir >> 5
256 af->iir_y[1] = af->iir_x[0] + af->iir_x[1] + (af->iir_y[0] >> 1) + (af->iir_y[0] >> 3) + (af->iir_y[0] >> 5);
257 //af->iir_y[1] = af->iir_x[0] + af->iir_x[1] + af->iir_y[0] * 0.6681786379;
258 #elif CONFIG_AFSK_FILTER == AFSK_CHEBYSHEV
260 * This should be (af->iir_y[0] * 0.438) but
261 * (af->iir_y[0] >> 1) is a faster approximation :-)
263 af->iir_y[1] = af->iir_x[0] + af->iir_x[1] + (af->iir_y[0] >> 1);
264 //af->iir_y[1] = af->iir_x[0] + af->iir_x[1] + af->iir_y[0] * 0.4379097269;
267 /* Save this sampled bit in a delay line */
268 af->sampled_bits <<= 1;
269 af->sampled_bits |= (af->iir_y[1] > 0) ? 1 : 0;
271 /* Store current ADC sample in the af->delay_fifo */
272 fifo_push(&af->delay_fifo, curr_sample);
274 /* If there is an edge, adjust phase sampling */
275 if (EDGE_FOUND(af->sampled_bits))
277 if (af->curr_phase < PHASE_THRES)
278 af->curr_phase += PHASE_INC;
280 af->curr_phase -= PHASE_INC;
282 af->curr_phase += PHASE_BIT;
285 if (af->curr_phase >= PHASE_MAX)
287 af->curr_phase %= PHASE_MAX;
289 /* Shift 1 position in the shift register of the found bits */
290 af->found_bits <<= 1;
293 * Determine bit value by reading the last 3 sampled bits.
294 * If the number of ones is two or greater, the bit value is a 1,
296 * This algorithm presumes that there are 8 samples per bit.
298 STATIC_ASSERT(SAMPLEPERBIT == 8);
299 uint8_t bits = af->sampled_bits & 0x07;
300 if (bits == 0x07 // 111, 3 bits set to 1
301 || bits == 0x06 // 110, 2 bits
302 || bits == 0x05 // 101, 2 bits
303 || bits == 0x03 // 011, 2 bits
308 * NRZI coding: if 2 consecutive bits have the same value
309 * a 1 is received, otherwise it's a 0.
311 if (!hdlc_parse(&af->hdlc, !EDGE_FOUND(af->found_bits), &af->rx_fifo))
312 af->status |= AFSK_RXFIFO_OVERRUN;
319 static void afsk_txStart(Afsk *af)
323 af->phase_inc = MARK_INC;
327 af->preamble_len = DIV_ROUND(CONFIG_AFSK_PREAMBLE_LEN * BITRATE, 8000);
328 AFSK_DAC_IRQ_START(af->dac_ch);
330 ATOMIC(af->trailer_len = DIV_ROUND(CONFIG_AFSK_TRAILER_LEN * BITRATE, 8000));
333 #define BIT_STUFF_LEN 5
335 #define SWITCH_TONE(inc) (((inc) == MARK_INC) ? SPACE_INC : MARK_INC)
339 * This function has to be called by the DAC ISR when a sample of the configured
340 * channel has been converted out.
342 * \param af Afsk context to operate on.
344 * \return The next DAC output sample.
346 uint8_t afsk_dac_isr(Afsk *af)
350 /* Check if we are at a start of a sample cycle */
351 if (af->sample_count == 0)
355 /* We have just finished transimitting a char, get a new one. */
356 if (fifo_isempty(&af->tx_fifo) && af->trailer_len == 0)
358 AFSK_DAC_IRQ_STOP(af->dac_ch);
366 * If we have just finished sending an unstuffed byte,
367 * reset bitstuff counter.
372 af->bit_stuff = true;
375 * Handle preamble and trailer
377 if (af->preamble_len == 0)
379 if (fifo_isempty(&af->tx_fifo))
382 af->curr_out = HDLC_FLAG;
385 af->curr_out = fifo_pop(&af->tx_fifo);
390 af->curr_out = HDLC_FLAG;
393 /* Handle char escape */
394 if (af->curr_out == AX25_ESC)
396 if (fifo_isempty(&af->tx_fifo))
398 AFSK_DAC_IRQ_STOP(af->dac_ch);
404 af->curr_out = fifo_pop(&af->tx_fifo);
406 else if (af->curr_out == HDLC_FLAG || af->curr_out == HDLC_RESET)
407 /* If these chars are not escaped disable bit stuffing */
408 af->bit_stuff = false;
410 /* Start with LSB mask */
414 /* check for bit stuffing */
415 if (af->bit_stuff && af->stuff_cnt >= BIT_STUFF_LEN)
417 /* If there are more than 5 ones in a row insert a 0 */
420 af->phase_inc = SWITCH_TONE(af->phase_inc);
425 * NRZI: if we want to transmit a 1 the modulated frequency will stay
426 * unchanged; with a 0, there will be a change in the tone.
428 if (af->curr_out & af->tx_bit)
432 * - Stay on the previous tone
433 * - Increase bit stuff counter
441 * - Reset bit stuff counter
445 af->phase_inc = SWITCH_TONE(af->phase_inc);
448 /* Go to the next bit */
451 af->sample_count = DAC_SAMPLEPERBIT;
454 /* Get new sample and put it out on the DAC */
455 af->phase_acc += af->phase_inc;
456 af->phase_acc %= SIN_LEN;
460 return sin_sample(af->phase_acc);
464 static size_t afsk_read(KFile *fd, void *_buf, size_t size)
466 Afsk *af = AFSK_CAST(fd);
467 uint8_t *buf = (uint8_t *)_buf;
469 #if CONFIG_AFSK_RXTIMEOUT == 0
470 while (size-- && !fifo_isempty_locked(&af->rx_fifo))
475 #if CONFIG_AFSK_RXTIMEOUT != -1
476 ticks_t start = timer_clock();
479 while (fifo_isempty_locked(&af->rx_fifo))
482 #if CONFIG_AFSK_RXTIMEOUT != -1
483 if (timer_clock() - start > ms_to_ticks(CONFIG_AFSK_RXTIMEOUT))
484 return buf - (uint8_t *)_buf;
488 *buf++ = fifo_pop_locked(&af->rx_fifo);
491 return buf - (uint8_t *)_buf;
494 static size_t afsk_write(KFile *fd, const void *_buf, size_t size)
496 Afsk *af = AFSK_CAST(fd);
497 const uint8_t *buf = (const uint8_t *)_buf;
501 while (fifo_isfull_locked(&af->tx_fifo))
504 fifo_push_locked(&af->tx_fifo, *buf++);
508 return buf - (const uint8_t *)_buf;
511 static int afsk_flush(KFile *fd)
513 Afsk *af = AFSK_CAST(fd);
519 static int afsk_error(KFile *fd)
521 Afsk *af = AFSK_CAST(fd);
524 ATOMIC(err = af->status);
528 static void afsk_clearerr(KFile *fd)
530 Afsk *af = AFSK_CAST(fd);
531 ATOMIC(af->status = 0);
536 * Initialize an AFSK1200 modem.
537 * \param af Afsk context to operate on.
538 * \param adc_ch ADC channel used by the demodulator.
539 * \param dac_ch DAC channel used by the modulator.
541 void afsk_init(Afsk *af, int adc_ch, int dac_ch)
543 #if CONFIG_AFSK_RXTIMEOUT != -1
546 memset(af, 0, sizeof(*af));
550 fifo_init(&af->delay_fifo, (uint8_t *)af->delay_buf, sizeof(af->delay_buf));
551 fifo_init(&af->rx_fifo, af->rx_buf, sizeof(af->rx_buf));
553 /* Fill sample FIFO with 0 */
554 for (int i = 0; i < SAMPLEPERBIT / 2; i++)
555 fifo_push(&af->delay_fifo, 0);
557 fifo_init(&af->tx_fifo, af->tx_buf, sizeof(af->tx_buf));
559 AFSK_ADC_INIT(adc_ch, af);
560 AFSK_DAC_INIT(dac_ch, af);
562 LOG_INFO("MARK_INC %d, SPACE_INC %d\n", MARK_INC, SPACE_INC);
564 DB(af->fd._type = KFT_AFSK);
565 af->fd.write = afsk_write;
566 af->fd.read = afsk_read;
567 af->fd.flush = afsk_flush;
568 af->fd.error = afsk_error;
569 af->fd.clearerr = afsk_clearerr;
570 af->phase_inc = MARK_INC;