4 * Copyright (C) 2004 Giovanni Bajo
5 * Copyright (C) 2004 Develer S.r.l. (http://www.develer.com/)
9 * \brief Portable hash table
11 * This file implements a portable hash table, with the following features:
13 * \li Open double-hashing. The maximum number of elements is fixed. The double hashing
14 * function improves recovery in case of collisions.
15 * \li Configurable size (which is clamped to a power of two)
16 * \li Visiting interface through iterator (returns the element in random order).
17 * \li The key is stored within the data and a hook is used to extract it. Optionally, it
18 * is possible to store a copy of the key within the hash table.
20 * Since the hashing is open, there is no way to remove elements from the table. Instead, a
21 * function is provided to clear the table completely.
23 * The data stored within the table must be a pointer. The NULL pointer is used as
24 * a marker for a free node, so it is invalid to store a NULL pointer in the table
25 * with \c ht_insert().
29 * \author Giovanni Bajo <rasky@develer.com>
34 * Revision 1.1 2004/07/14 14:08:16 rasky
35 * Implementazione di una tabella hash
37 * Revision 1.10 2004/06/14 15:17:15 rasky
38 * Qualche fix alla documentazione Doxygen
40 * Revision 1.9 2004/06/14 15:15:24 rasky
41 * Cambiato key_data in un union invece di castare
42 * Aggiunto un ASSERT sull'indice calcolata nella key_internal_get_ptr
44 * Revision 1.8 2004/06/14 14:59:40 rasky
45 * Rinominanta la macro di configurazione per rispettare il namespace, e aggiunta in un punto in cui mancava
47 * Revision 1.7 2004/06/12 15:18:05 rasky
48 * Nuova hashtable con chiave esterna o interna a scelta, come discusso
50 * Revision 1.6 2004/05/26 16:33:31 rasky
51 * Aggiunta interfaccia per visita della hashtable tramite iteratori
53 * Revision 1.5 2004/05/24 18:42:23 rasky
54 * Fixato un commento doxygen
56 * Revision 1.4 2004/05/24 15:28:20 rasky
57 * Sistemata la documentazione, rimossa keycmp in favore della memcmp
68 /*! Enable/disable support to declare special hash tables which maintain a copy of
69 * the key internally instead of relying on the hook to extract it from the data.
71 #define CONFIG_HT_OPTIONAL_INTERNAL_KEY 1
73 //! Maximum length of the internal key (use (2^n)-1 for slight speedup)
74 #define INTERNAL_KEY_MAX_LENGTH 15
76 /*! Hook to get the key from \a data, which is an element of the hash table. The
77 * key must be returned together with \a key_length (in words).
79 typedef const void* (*hook_get_key)(const void* data, uint8_t* key_length);
81 /*! Hash table description
83 * \note This structures MUST NOT be accessed directly. Its definition is
84 * provided in the header file only for optimization purposes (see the rationale
87 * \note If new elements must be added to this list, please double check
88 * \c DECLARE_HASHTABLE, which requires the existing elements to be at the top.
92 const void** mem; //!< Buckets of data
93 uint16_t max_elts_log2; //!< Log2 of the size of the table
95 bool key_internal : 1; //!< true if the key is copied internally
98 hook_get_key hook; //!< Hook to get the key
99 uint8_t* mem; //!< Pointer to the key memory
103 //! Iterator to walk the hash table
110 /*! Declare a hash table in the current scope
112 * \param name Variable name
113 * \param size Number of elements
114 * \param hook_gk Hook to be used to extract the key from the node
116 * \note The number of elements will be rounded down to the nearest
120 #define DECLARE_HASHTABLE(name, size, hook_gk) \
121 static const void* name##_nodes[1 << UINT32_LOG2(size)]; \
122 struct HashTable name = { name##_nodes, UINT32_LOG2(size), { false }, hook_gk }
124 /*! Exactly like \c DECLARE_HASHTABLE, but the variable will be declared as static. */
125 #define DECLARE_HASHTABLE_STATIC(name, size, hook_gk) \
126 static const void* name##_nodes[1 << UINT32_LOG2(size)]; \
127 static struct HashTable name = { name##_nodes, UINT32_LOG2(size), { false }, hook_gk }
129 #if CONFIG_HT_OPTIONAL_INTERNAL_KEY
130 /*! Declare a hash table with internal copies of the keys. This version does not
131 * require a hook, nor it requires the user to allocate static memory for the keys.
132 * It is mostly suggested for tables whose keys are computed on the fly and need
133 * to be stored somewhere.
135 #define DECLARE_HASHTABLE_INTERNALKEY(name, size) \
136 static uint8_t name##_keys[(1 << UINT32_LOG2(size)) * (INTERNAL_KEY_MAX_LENGTH + 1)]; \
137 static const void* name##_nodes[1 << UINT32_LOG2(size)]; \
138 struct HashTable name = { name##_nodes, UINT32_LOG2(size), { true }, name##_keys }
140 /*! Exactly like \c DECLARE_HASHTABLE_INTERNALKEY, but the variable will be declared as static. */
141 #define DECLARE_HASHTABLE_INTERNALKEY_STATIC(name, size) \
142 static uint8_t name##_keys[(1 << UINT32_LOG2(size)) * (INTERNAL_KEY_MAX_LENGTH + 1)]; \
143 static const void* name##_nodes[1 << UINT32_LOG2(size)]; \
144 static struct HashTable name = { name##_nodes, UINT32_LOG2(size), { true }, name##_keys }
147 /*! Initialize (and clear) a hash table in a memory buffer.
149 * \param ht Hash table declared with \c DECLARE_HASHTABLE
151 * \note This function must be called before using the hash table. Optionally,
152 * it can be called later in the program to clear the hash table,
153 * removing all its elements.
155 void ht_init(struct HashTable* ht);
157 /*! Insert an element into the hash table
159 * \param ht Handle of the hash table
160 * \param data Data to be inserted into the table
161 * \return true if insertion was successful, false otherwise (table is full)
163 * \note The key for the element to insert is extract from the data with
164 * the hook. This means that this function cannot be called for hashtables
165 * with internal keys.
167 * \note If an element with the same key already exists in the table,
168 * it will be overwritten.
170 * \note It is not allowed to store NULL in the table. If you pass NULL as data,
171 * the function call will fail.
173 bool ht_insert(struct HashTable* ht, const void* data);
175 /*! Insert an element into the hash table
177 * \param ht Handle of the hash table
178 * \param key Key of the element
179 * \param key_length Length of the key in characters
180 * \param data Data to be inserted into the table
181 * \return true if insertion was successful, false otherwise (table is full)
183 * \note If this function is called for hash table with external keys,
184 * the key provided must be match the key that would be extracted with the
185 * hook, otherwise the function will fail.
187 * \note If an element with the same key already exists in the table,
188 * it will be overwritten.
190 * \note It is not allowed to store NULL in the table. If you pass NULL as data,
191 * the function call will fail.
193 bool ht_insert_with_key(struct HashTable* ht, const void* key, uint8_t key_length, const void* data);
195 /*! Find an element in the hash table
197 * \param ht Handle of the hash table
198 * \param key Key of the element
199 * \param key_length Length of the key in characters
200 * \return Data of the element, or NULL if no element was found for the given key.
202 const void* ht_find(struct HashTable* ht, const void* key, uint8_t key_length);
204 /*! Similar to \c ht_insert_with_key() but \a key is an ASCIIZ string */
205 #define ht_insert_str(ht, key, data) ht_insert_with_key(ht, key, strlen(key), data)
207 /*! Similar to \c ht_find() but \a key is an ASCIIZ string */
208 #define ht_find_str(ht, key) ht_find(ht, key, strlen(key))
210 //! Get an iterator to the begin of the hash table \a ht
211 INLINE HashIterator ht_iter_begin(struct HashTable* ht)
216 h.end = &ht->mem[1 << ht->max_elts_log2];
218 while (h.pos != h.end && !*h.pos)
224 /*! Get an iterator to the (exclusive) end of the hash table \a ht
226 * \note Like in STL, the end iterator is not a valid iterator (you
227 * cannot call \c ht_iter_get() on it), and it must be used only to
228 * detect if we reached the end of the iteration (through \c ht_iter_cmp()).
230 INLINE HashIterator ht_iter_end(struct HashTable* ht)
234 h.pos = h.end = &ht->mem[1 << ht->max_elts_log2];
239 //! Compare \a it1 and \a it2 for equality
240 INLINE bool ht_iter_cmp(HashIterator it1, HashIterator it2)
242 ASSERT(it1.end == it2.end);
243 return it1.pos == it2.pos;
246 //! Get the element within the hash table \a ht pointed by the iterator \a iter
247 INLINE const void* ht_iter_get(HashIterator iter)
248 { return *iter.pos; }
250 /*! Return an iterator pointing to the element following \a h
252 * \note The order of the elements visited during the iteration is casual,
253 * and depends on the implementation.
256 INLINE HashIterator ht_iter_next(HashIterator h)
259 while (h.pos != h.end && !(*h.pos))
265 #endif /* HASHTABLE_H */